Mapping fullerene crystallization in a photovoltaic blend: an electron tomography study
文献信息
Olof Bäcke, Camilla Lindqvist, Amaia Diaz de Zerio Mendaza, Stefan Gustafsson, Ergang Wang, Christian Müller, Eva Olsson
The formation of fullerene crystals represents a major degradation pathway of polymer/fullerene bulk-heterojunction thin films that inexorably deteriorates their photovoltaic performance. Currently no tools exist that reveal the origin of fullerene crystal formation vertically through the film. Here, we show that electron tomography can be used to study nucleation and growth of fullerene crystals. A model bulk-heterojunction blend based on a thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer and a fullerene derivative is examined after controlled annealing above the glass transition temperature. We image a number of fullerene nanocrystals, ranging in size from 70 to 400 nanometers, and observe that their center is located close to the free-surface of spin-coated films. The results show that the nucleation of fullerene crystals predominately occurs in the upper part of the films. Moreover, electron tomography reveals that the nucleation is preceded by more pronounced phase separation of the blend components.
相关文献
IF 6.222
Surface structure-dependent electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C1 products on SnO2 catalystsIF 6.367
Retraction: Chemical synthesis and antigenic activity of a phosphatidylinositol mannoside epitope from Mycobacterium tuberculosisIF 6.222
Ether-functionalization of monoethanolamine (MEA) for reversible CO2 capture under solvent-free conditions with high-capacity and low-viscosityIF 6.367
Front coverIF 6.843
A model-based comparison of Ru and Ni catalysts for the Sabatier reactionIF 6.367
Sensitive and specific detection of tumour cells based on a multivalent DNA nanocreeper and a multiplexed fluorescence supersandwichIF 6.222
Life cycle assessment of power-to-gas with biogas as the carbon sourceIF 6.367
Building microsphere–nanosheet structures in N-doped carbon to improve its performance in the oxygen reduction reaction and vanadium redox flow batteriesIF 6.367
Redox responsive Pluronic micelle mediated delivery of functional siRNA: a modular nano-assembly for targeted deliveryIF 6.843
来源期刊
Nanoscale
Nanoscale is a high-impact international journal, publishing high-quality research across nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanoscale publishes a full mix of research articles on experimental and theoretical work, including reviews, communications, and full papers. Highly interdisciplinary, Nanoscale appeals to scientists, researchers and professionals interested in nanoscience and nanotechnology, quantum materials and quantum technology, including the areas of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, materials, energy/environment, information technology, detection science, healthcare and drug discovery, and electronics. For publication in Nanoscale, papers must report high-quality reproducible new work that will be of significant general interest to the journal's wide international readership. Nanoscale is a collaborative venture between the Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing and a leading nanoscience research centre, the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) in Beijing, China. image block The journal publishes weekly issues, complementing and building on the nano content already published across the Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing journal portfolio. Since its launch in late 2009, Nanoscale has established itself as a platform for high-quality, cross-community research that bridges the various disciplines involved with nanoscience and nanotechnology, publishing important research from leading international research groups.
![28443-57-4 - 4-[4-[(5S)-5-(氨基甲基)-2-氧代-3-恶唑烷基]苯基]-3-吗啉酮](/structs/284/28443-57-4-e4c7.webp "28443-57-4 - 4-[4-[(5S)-5-(氨基甲基)-2-氧代-3-恶唑烷基]苯基]-3-吗啉酮")
推荐供应商
帝斯曼电脑股份公司
武汉荣申化工有限公司悠牛网泰茨卡工业气体有限公司山西德之北金属材料有限公司江门市恒怡实业有限公司
泽恩·康托雷斯hps Labor- und Bürositzmöbel OHG新昌县康宁胶囊机械配件有限公司上海睿赢化工有限公司