Mapping fullerene crystallization in a photovoltaic blend: an electron tomography study
文献情報
Olof Bäcke, Camilla Lindqvist, Amaia Diaz de Zerio Mendaza, Stefan Gustafsson, Ergang Wang, Christian Müller, Eva Olsson
The formation of fullerene crystals represents a major degradation pathway of polymer/fullerene bulk-heterojunction thin films that inexorably deteriorates their photovoltaic performance. Currently no tools exist that reveal the origin of fullerene crystal formation vertically through the film. Here, we show that electron tomography can be used to study nucleation and growth of fullerene crystals. A model bulk-heterojunction blend based on a thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer and a fullerene derivative is examined after controlled annealing above the glass transition temperature. We image a number of fullerene nanocrystals, ranging in size from 70 to 400 nanometers, and observe that their center is located close to the free-surface of spin-coated films. The results show that the nucleation of fullerene crystals predominately occurs in the upper part of the films. Moreover, electron tomography reveals that the nucleation is preceded by more pronounced phase separation of the blend components.
関連文献
IF 6.367
Effective utilisation of waste cooking oil in a single-cylinder diesel engine using alumina nanoparticlesIF 6.367
Transition-metal-free insertion reactions of alkynes into the C–N σ-bonds of imides: synthesis of substituted enamides or chromonesIF 6.222
Increasing efficiency of perovskite solar cells using low concentrating photovoltaic systemsIF 6.367
Life cycle assessment of power-to-gas with biogas as the carbon sourceIF 6.367
Heterogeneous toroidal spiral particles for islet encapsulationIF 6.843
In situ growth of all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals on black phosphorus nanosheetsIF 6.222
Enhanced power performance of an in situ sediment microbial fuel cell with steel-slag as the redox catalyst: I. electricity generationIF 6.367
Sensitive and specific detection of tumour cells based on a multivalent DNA nanocreeper and a multiplexed fluorescence supersandwichIF 6.222
Pulsed laser rusted stainless steel: a robust electrode material applied for energy storage and generation applicationsIF 6.367
掲載誌
Nanoscale
Nanoscale is a high-impact international journal, publishing high-quality research across nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanoscale publishes a full mix of research articles on experimental and theoretical work, including reviews, communications, and full papers. Highly interdisciplinary, Nanoscale appeals to scientists, researchers and professionals interested in nanoscience and nanotechnology, quantum materials and quantum technology, including the areas of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, materials, energy/environment, information technology, detection science, healthcare and drug discovery, and electronics. For publication in Nanoscale, papers must report high-quality reproducible new work that will be of significant general interest to the journal's wide international readership. Nanoscale is a collaborative venture between the Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing and a leading nanoscience research centre, the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) in Beijing, China. image block The journal publishes weekly issues, complementing and building on the nano content already published across the Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing journal portfolio. Since its launch in late 2009, Nanoscale has established itself as a platform for high-quality, cross-community research that bridges the various disciplines involved with nanoscience and nanotechnology, publishing important research from leading international research groups.
おすすめサプライヤー
GB-Chemie GmbHWEVO-CHEMIE GmbH
山东梁山二 flam 用脂質機器istring 供給總公司ドイツ・ライコー・リミテッド北京代表处迂湏市藍星環保設備有限公司
株式会社スミンコ株式会社浙江省長興创新超細粉有限公司Enlight City Kengei Seiri Co., Ltd.
三菱化学株式会社建德市永固塑料設備厂